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乾隆 Qián lóng the Qianlong era / Qianlong Emperor (1711–1799), sixth Qing emperor, princely title 寶親王|宝亲王[Bao3 Qin1 wang2], personal name 弘曆|弘历[Hong2 li4], reigned 1735–1799
古文观止 wén Guān zhǐ Guwen Guanzhi, an anthology of essays written in Literary Chinese, compiled and edited by Wu Chucai and Wu Diaohou of Qing dynasty
会党 huì dǎng anti-Qing secret societies
军机处 jūn chù Office of Military and Political Affairs (Qing Dynasty)
金天翮 Jīn Tiān Jin Tianhe (1874–1947), late-Qing poet and novelist, co-author of A Flower in a Sinful Sea 孽海花[Nie4 hai3 hua1]
张怡 Zhāng Zhang Yi (1608-1695), prolific author and poet spanning interregnum between Ming and Qing
理雅各 James Legge (1815-1897), Scottish Protestant missionary in Qing China and translator of the Chinese classics into English
公使 gōng shǐ minister / diplomat performing ambassadorial role in Qing times, before regular diplomatic relations
三合会 sān huì triad, Chinese crime gang / triad society, anti-Manchu secret society in Qing-dynasty China
清朝 Qīng cháo Qing dynasty (1644-1911)
四库全书 Quán shū Siku Quanshu (collection of books compiled during Qing dynasty)
书院 shū yuàn academy of classical learning (Tang Dynasty - Qing Dynasty)
袁世凯 Yuán Shì kǎi Yuan Shikai (1859-1916), senior general of late Qing, subsequently warlord and self-proclaimed emperor of China
Qīng Qing (Wade-Giles: Ch'ing) dynasty of China (1644–1911) / surname Qing
明史 Míng shǐ History of the Ming Dynasty, twenty fourth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史[Er4 shi2 si4 Shi3], compiled under Zhang Tingyu 張廷玉|张廷玉[Zhang1 Ting2 yu4] in 1739 during the Qing Dynasty, 332 scrolls
明末清初 Míng Qīng chū late Ming and early Qing / around the middle of the 17th century
特别行政区 bié xíng zhèng special administrative region (SAR), of which there are two in the PRC: Hong Kong 香港 and Macau 澳門|澳门 / refers to many different areas during late Qing, foreign occupation, warlord period and Nationalist government / refers to special zones in North Korea and Indonesia
吴敬梓 Jìng Wu Jingzi (1701–1754), Qing dynasty novelist, author of The Scholars 儒林外史[Ru2 lin2 Wai4 shi3]
旗籍 Manchu household register (during the Qing Dynasty)
以夷制夷 zhì to use foreigners to subdue foreigners (idiom); let the barbarians fight it out among themselves (traditional policy of successive dynasties) / Use Western science and technology to counter imperialist encroachment. (late Qing modernizing slogan)
复古会 huì anti-Qing revolutionary party set up in 1904 under Cai Yuanpei 蔡元培[Cai4 Yuan2 pei2] / aka 光復會|光复会[Guang1 fu4 hui4]
侍郎 shì láng (Ming and Qing dynasties) vice-minister of one of the Six Boards / (also an official title in earlier dynasties)
清政府 Qīng zhèng Qing government (1644-1911)
心学 xīn xué School of Mind / Neo-Confucian Idealistic School (from Song to mid-Qing times, c. 1000-1750, typified by the teachings of Wang Yangming 王陽明|王阳明[Wang2 Yang2 ming2])
丁汝昌 Dīng chāng Ding Ruchang (1836-1895), commander of the Qing North China Navy


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