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儒家 jiā Confucian school, founded by Confucius 孔子[Kong3 zi3] (551-479 BC) and Mencius 孟子[Meng4 zi3] (c. 372-c. 289 BC)
亚圣 shèng Second Sage, traditional title of Mencius 孟子[Meng4 zi3] in Confucian studies
十三经 Shí sān jīng the Thirteen Confucian Classics, namely: Book of Songs 詩經|诗经[Shi1 jing1], Book of History 尚書|尚书[Shang4 shu1], Rites of Zhou 周禮|周礼[Zhou1 li3], Rites and Ceremonies 儀禮|仪礼[Yi2 li3], Classic of Rites 禮記|礼记[Li3 ji4], Book of Changes 易經|易经[Yi4 jing1], Mr Zuo's Annals 左傳|左传[Zuo3 Zhuan4], Mr Gongyang's Annals 公羊傳|公羊传[Gong1 yang2 Zhuan4], Mr Guliang's Annals 穀梁傳|谷梁传[Gu3 liang2 Zhuan4], The Analects 論語|论语[Lun2 yu3], Erya 爾雅|尔雅[Er3 ya3], Classic of Filial Piety 孝經|孝经[Xiao4 jing1], Mencius 孟子[Meng4 zi3]
四书 shū Four Books, namely: the Great Learning 大學|大学, the Doctrine of the Mean 中庸, the Analects of Confucius 論語|论语, and Mencius 孟子
出尔反尔 chū ěr fǎn ěr old: to reap the consequences of one's words (idiom, from Mencius); modern: to go back on one's word / to blow hot and cold / to contradict oneself / inconsistent
守望相助 shǒu wàng xiāng zhù to keep watch and defend one another (idiom, from Mencius); to join forces to defend against external aggressors / mutual help and protection
given name of Mencius
诸子 zhū various sages / refers to the classical schools of thought, e.g. Confucianism 儒[ru2] represented by Confucius 孔子[Kong3 zi3] and Mencius 孟子[Meng4 zi3], Daoism 道[dao4] by Laozi 老子[Lao3 zi3] and Zhuangzi 莊子|庄子[Zhuang1 zi3], Mohism 墨[mo4] by Mozi 墨子[Mo4 zi3], Legalism 法[fa3] by Sunzi 孫子|孙子[Sun1 zi3] and Han Feizi 韓非子|韩非子[Han2 Fei1 zi3], and numerous others
孔孟 Kǒng Mèng Confucius and Mencius
孟子 Mèng Mencius (c. 372-c. 289 BC), Confucian philosopher second only to Confucius / book of the same name, one of the classics of Confucianism
舍生取义 shě shēng to give up life for righteousness (idiom, from Mencius) / to choose honor over life; would rather sacrifice one's life than one's principles
失道寡助 shī dào guǎ zhù an unjust cause finds little support (idiom, from Mencius) / cf 得道多助[de2 dao4 duo1 zhu4] a just cause attracts much support
敌众我寡 zhòng guǎ multitude of enemies, few friends (idiom from Mencius) / heavily outnumbered / beaten by the weight of numbers
仁心仁术 rén xīn rén shù benevolent heart and skillful execution (idiom, from Mencius); charitable in thought and deed
引而不发 yǐn ér to pull the bow without shooting (idiom from Mencius); ready and waiting for action / to go through the motions / to practice / a trial run
一曝十寒 shí hán one day's sun, ten days' frost (idiom, from Mencius); fig. to work for a bit then skimp / sporadic effort / lack of sticking power / short attention span
孔孟之道 Kǒng Mèng zhī dào the teaching of Confucius and Mencius
解民倒悬 jiě mín dào xuán lit. to rescue the people from hanging upside down (idiom, from Mencius); to save the people from dire straits
为富不仁,为仁不富 wéi rén , wéi rén (idiom, from Mencius) the rich are not benevolent, and the benevolent are not rich
性善 xìng shàn the theory of Mencius that people are by nature good
赵岐 Zhào Zhao Qi (-201 BC), early Han commentator on Mencius 孟子[Meng4 zi3]
男女授受不亲 nán shòu shòu qīn men and women should not touch hands when they give or receive things (citation, from Mencius)
鱼与熊掌 xióng zhǎng lit. the fish and the bear's paw, you can't have both at the same time (idiom, from Mencius); fig. you must choose one or the other / you can't always get everything you want / you can't have your cake and eat it
君子远庖厨 jūn yuàn páo chú lit. a nobleman stays clear of the kitchen (idiom, from Mencius) / fig. a nobleman who has seen a living animal cannot bear to see it die, hence he keeps away from the kitchen
鱼与熊掌不可兼得 xióng zhǎng jiān lit. the fish and the bear's paw, you can't have both at the same time (idiom, from Mencius); fig. you must choose one or the other / you can't always get everything you want / you can't have your cake and eat it


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