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| 魏 | Wèi | surname Wei / name of a vassal state of the Zhou dynasty from 661 BC in Shanxi, one of the Seven Hero Warring States / Wei state, founded by Cao Cao 曹操[Cao2 Cao1], one of the Three Kingdoms after the Han dynasty / the Wei dynasty 221-265 / Wei Prefecture or Wei County at various times in history |
| 红楼梦 | Hóng lóu Mèng | A Dream of Red Mansions (first completed edition 1791) by Cao Xueqin 曹雪芹[Cao2 Xue3 qin2], one of the four great novels |
| 曹丕 | Cáo Pī | Cao Pi (187-226), second son of Cao Cao 曹操, king then emperor of Cao Wei 曹魏 from 220, ruled as Emperor Wen 魏文帝, also a noted calligrapher |
| 高平 | Gāo píng | Gaoping, city in 山西[Shan1 xi1] / Cao Bang, Vietnam |
| 曹县 | Cáo xiàn | Cao county in Heze 菏澤|菏泽[He2 ze2], Shandong |
| 荀彧 | Xún Yù | Xun Yu (163-212), brilliant strategist, advisor of Cao Cao in Three Kingdoms |
| 萧规曹随 | Xiāo guī Cáo suí | lit. Xiao's 蕭何|萧何[Xiao1 He2] governance followed by Cao 曹參|曹参[Cao2 Can1] (idiom) / fig. to strictly adhere to the policies of the predecessor / to follow precedent |
| 三曹 | Sān Cáo | the Three Caos (Cao Cao 曹操 and his sons Cao Pi 曹丕 and Cao Zhi 曹植), who established the Wei or Cao Wei dynasty 曹魏, and were all three noted poets and calligraphers |
| 庞德 | Páng Dé | Pang De (-219), general of Cao Wei at the start of the Three Kingdoms period, victor over Guan Yu 關羽|关羽 / Pound (name) / Ezra Pound (1885-1972), American poet and translator |
| 钟繇 | Zhōng Yáo | Zhong Yao (151-230), minister of Cao Wei 曹魏[Cao2 Wei4] and noted calligrapher, said to have developed the regular script 楷書|楷书[kai3 shu1] |
| 曹操 | Cáo Cāo | Cao Cao (155-220), famous statesman and general at the end of Han, noted poet and calligrapher, later warlord, founder and first king of Cao Wei 曹魏, father of Emperor Cao Pi 曹丕 / the main villain of novel the Romance of Three Kingdoms 三國演義|三国演义 |
| 程昱 | Chéng Yù | Cheng Yu (141-220), advisor to General Cao Cao 曹操 during the Three Kingdoms era |
| 曹魏 | Cáo Wèi | Cao Wei, the most powerful of the Three Kingdoms, established as a dynasty in 220 by Cao Pi 曹丕, son of Cao Cao, replaced by Jin dynasty in 265 |
| 曹植 | Cáo Zhí | Cao Zhi (192-232), son of Cao Cao 曹操, noted poet and calligrapher |
| 曹禺 | Cáo Yú | Cao Yu (1910-1997), PRC dramatist |
| 曹参 | Cáo Cān | Cao Can (-190 BC), second chancellor of Han Dynasty, contributed to its founding by fighting on Liu Bang's 劉邦|刘邦[Liu2 Bang1] side during the Chu-Han Contention 楚漢戰爭|楚汉战争[Chu3 Han4 Zhan4 zheng1] / also pr. [Cao2 Shen1] |
| 身在曹营心在汉 | shēn zài Cáo yíng xīn zài Hàn | live in Cao camp but have the heart in Han camp (idiom) / to be somewhere while longing to be somewhere else |
| 曹冲 | Cáo Chōng | Cao Chong (196-208), son of Cao Cao 曹操[Cao2 Cao1] |
| 三国演义 | Sān guó Yǎn yì | Romance of the Three Kingdoms by Luo Guanzhong 羅貫中|罗贯中[Luo2 Guan4 zhong1], one of the Four Classic Novels of Chinese literature, a fictional account of the Three Kingdoms at the break-up of the Han around 200 AD, portraying Liu Bei's 劉備|刘备[Liu2 Bei4] Shu Han 蜀漢|蜀汉[Shu3 Han4] as heroes and Cao Cao's 曹操[Cao2 Cao1] Wei 魏[Wei4] as villains |
| 曹雪芹 | Cáo Xuě qín | Cao Xueqin (c. 1715-c. 1764), accepted author of A Dream of Red Mansions 紅樓夢|红楼梦[Hong2 lou2 Meng4] |
| 生石灰 | shēng shí huī | calcium oxide CaO / quicklime |
| 上下五千年 | Shàng xià Wǔ Qiān nián | Tales from 5000 Years of Chinese History in three volumes by Cao Yuzhang 曹餘章|曹余章[Cao2 Yu2 zhang1] |
| 官渡之战 | Guān dù zhī Zhàn | Battle of Guandu of 199 that established Cao Cao's 曹操[Cao2 Cao1] domination over north China, at Guandu (near modern 許昌|许昌[Xu3 chang1] in north Henan) |
| 曹锟 | Cáo Kūn | Cao Kun (1862-1938), one of the Northern Warlords |
| 汉献帝 | Hàn Xiàn dì | Emperor Xian of Han (181-234), the final Han emperor, set up by Dong Zhuo 董卓, reigned 189-220, forced to abdicate 220 by Cao Pi 曹丕 |