| 节度使 | jié dù shǐ | Tang and Song dynasty provincial governor, in Tang times having military and civil authority, but only civil authority in Song |
| 藩镇 | fān zhèn | lit. fence town / buffer region (between enemies) / Tang dynasty system of provincial administration under a provincial governor 節度使|节度使[jie2 du4 shi3] |
| 朱温 | Zhū Wēn | Zhu Wen (852-912), military governor 節度使|节度使[jie2 du4 shi3] at the end of Tang, founder of Later Liang of the Five Dynasties (907-923), also known as Emperor Taizu of Later Liang 後梁太祖|后梁太祖[Hou4 Liang2 Tai4 zu3] |