| 山东 | Shān dōng | Shandong Province, capital Jinan 濟南|济南[Ji3nan2] (abbr. to 魯|鲁[Lu3]) |
| 鲁 | Lǔ | surname Lu / Lu, an ancient state of China 魯國|鲁国[Lu3guo2] / Lu, short name for Shandong 山東|山东[Shan1dong1] |
| 齐鲁 | Qí lǔ | alternative name for Shandong 山東|山东[Shan1 dong1] |
| 鲁国 | Lǔ guó | Lu, vassal state at the time of the Zhou Dynasty 周朝|周朝[Zhou1 chao2], located in the southwest of present-day Shandong 山東|山东[Shan1 dong1], birthplace of Confucius |
| 大汶口文化 | Dà wèn kǒu wén huà | Dawenkou culture (c. 4100-2600 BC), Neolithic culture based in today's Shandong area 山東|山东[Shan1 dong1] |