| 就是 | jiù shì | exactly; precisely / only; simply; just / (used correlatively with 也[ye3]) even; even if |
| 就 | jiù | (after a suppositional clause) in that case; then / (after a clause of action) as soon as; immediately after / (same as 就是[jiu4 shi4]) merely; nothing else but; simply; just; precisely; exactly / only; as little as / as much as; as many as / to approach; to move towards / to undertake; to engage in / (often followed by 著|着[zhe5]) taking advantage of / (of food) to go with / with regard to; concerning / (bound form) to reach; to attain (as in 一蹴而就[yi1 cu4 er2 jiu4]) / (pattern: 就[jiu4] ... 也[ye3] ...) even if ... still ... / (pattern: 不[bu4] ... 就[jiu4] ...) if not ... then must be ... |
| 除了 | chú le | apart from; besides; in addition to (used to exclude, as in 除了他，誰也沒來|除了他，谁也没来[chu2 le5 ta1 , shei2 ye3 mei2 lai2] "apart from him, nobody came", or to include, as in 除了英語，他也會法語|除了英语，他也会法语[chu2 le5 Ying1 yu3 , ta1 ye3 hui4 Fa3 yu3] "in addition to English, he also knows French") / (used to introduce one of two habitual alternatives in the pattern 除了[chu2 le5] + A + 就是[jiu4 shi4] + B, "either A or B") |
| 乃是 | nǎi shì | equivalent to either 是[shi4] or 就是[jiu4 shi4] |