| 九流 | jiǔ liú | the nine schools of thought, philosophical schools of the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods (770-220 BC), viz Confucians 儒家[Ru2 jia1], Daoists 道家[Dao4 jia1], Yin and Yang 陰陽家|阴阳家[Yin1 yang2 jia1], Legalists 法家[Fa3 jia1], Logicians 名家[Ming2 jia1], Mohists 墨家[Mo4 jia1], Diplomats 縱橫家|纵横家[Zong4 heng2 jia1], Miscellaneous 雜家|杂家[Za2 jia1], and Agriculturalists 農家|农家[Nong2 jia1] |
| 墨家 | Mò jiā | Mohist School of the Warring States Period (475-220 BC), founded by the philosopher 墨子[Mo4 zi3] |
| 六家 | liù jiā | Six schools of pre-Han philosophy, as analyzed by 司馬談|司马谈[Si1 ma3 Tan2] (儒家[Ru2 jia1], 道家[Dao4 jia1], 陰陽|阴阳[yin1 yang2], 法家[Fa3 jia1], 名家[Ming2 jia1], and 墨家[Mo4 jia1]) |
| 墨子 | Mò zǐ | Mozi (c. 470–391 BC), founder of the Mohist School 墨家[Mo4 jia1], which flourished during the Warring States period (475–220 BC) |